Promoting Pro-Environmental Behavior in Sri Lanka: A Literature-Based Conceptual Framework Integrating Psychology and Cultural Values

Abstract

Plastic pollution and environmental degradation are urgent challenges in Sri Lanka, threatening health, biodiversity, and sustainability. While regulatory measures exist, community-level behavior change remains underexplored, especially when framed through Sri Lanka’s cultural values. This study develops a conceptual framework that integrates global psychological theories with local cultural traditions to promote pro-environmental behavior. A narrative literature review was conducted, drawing on peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and cultural texts published between 2015 and 2025. Sources were selected for their relevance to environmental behavior, psychology, and Sri Lankan cultural practices, ensuring a balance between global and local perspectives. The framework highlights mediators such as attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control, ecoanxiety, and collective efficacy, anchored in religious ethics of compassion, stewardship, and interconnectedness. Practical illustrations include plastic reduction initiatives in temples, schools, and local councils. The framework offers pathways for empirical testing through surveys, pilot interventions, and community-based projects. Recommendations include culturally sensitive campaigns, youth-led initiatives, and community partnerships to strengthen collective responsibility for sustainability.