IoT-Enabled Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring for Shrimp Farming: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions in Sri Lanka: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Shrimp farming plays a significant role in Sri Lanka’s aquaculture industry, contributing substantially to the national economy. However, many shrimp farms still rely on manual monitoring methods to assess critical water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. These outdated approaches often result in delayed responses to unfavorable water conditions, leading to reduced productivity, increased shrimp mortality, and environmental degradation. This research proposes the development of an intelligent, real-time water quality monitoring system specifically designed for small- and medium-scale shrimp farms in Sri Lanka. The system integrates low-cost, semiconductor-based IoT sensors to continuously monitor key parameters and transmit the data to a cloud-based platform for real-time analysis and visualization. By automating the monitoring process, the system enables farmers to respond quickly to changes in water quality, improving shrimp survival rates and overall farm efficiency. The proposed solution is designed to be user-friendly and cost-effective, making it accessible to local farmers with limited technical expertise. This innovative approach not only enhances productivity but also promotes sustainable aquaculture practices by optimizing resource usage and minimizing environmental risks.