THE IMPACT OF POLYPHARMACY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Polypharmacy refers to the use of several medications prevalent among people aged 60 and above due to the presence of chronic diseases. This increases the risk of adverse drug effects, issues with medication adherence, drug interactions, falls, delirium, and toxicity. These complications can result in poor health outcomes, increased hospital admissions, and elevated healthcare expenses. Furthermore, previous research in Sri Lanka has shown polypharmacy in older adults, but few studies have assessed the impact of polypharmacy on the quality of life in older adults. This study aims to explore the impact of polypharmacy on the quality of life in older adults. Existing articles and recent studies from 2020-2025 on the impact of polypharmacy on the quality of life in older adults aged 60 and above were analyzed. According to the SANRA guidelines, eligible peer-reviewed studies were identified through databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted using a standardized form. Results were synthesized narratively and presented in a tabular format to summarize intervention approaches. The findings show a strong association between polypharmacy and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults. Both physical and mental aspects were impaired, with a greater impact in chronic or cancer-related conditions. Multiple medications were key contributors to poor HRQoL, especially post-discharge. Tools like STOPP/START and the Medication Appropriateness Index indicated limited effectiveness without integration into computerized decision support systems. Moreover, prescribing errors, hyperpolypharmacy, and increased drug burden were linked to lower HRQoL and higher frailty levels, especially among people aged 65 and older living independently. Through the analysis of multiple studies, this review identified a consistent link between polypharmacy and a reduced quality of life in older adults, specifically related to treatment burden, frailty, and physical health. The studies emphasize the immediate need to apply effective medication management strategies, like clinical assessment tools and deprescribing protocols, to mitigate these risks. This underscores the need for actions that facilitate rational prescribing practices to improve health outcomes and promote a holistic approach to geriatric care.