EVALUATION OF MODIFIABLE BEHAVIORAL AND DIETARY RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition associated with hyperglycaemia. DM is a non-communicable disease and results from insulin resistance or when the pancreas fails to generate enough insulin. DM has two subtypes, including DM type 1 and DM type 2. Modifiable risk factors are overweight, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol intake. Non-modifiable factors are family history, ethnicity, age, and gender. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dietary and behavioural risk factors for DM by selecting a sample from the Gampaha District. It was a cross-sectional self-reported questionnaire. A random sample of 106 individuals over 40 was selected and using a structured Google form, their dietary and behavioural characteristics were assessed, including smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, occupation, diet quality, and physical activity. It was distributed online. The study shows that 54.7% had Diabetes Mellitus. The study also reveals that 70.8% had a low diet quality, characterized by consuming high amounts of junk foods, which are low in essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals and fibre but high in calories, fat, sugar, and sodium. 48.1% had a habit of alcohol consumption and 17.9% individuals showed smoking as a habit. According to the study, 97.2% of individuals did not engage in any physical exercise. According to their BMI, 37.5% of them were overweight or obese. (overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m²; obesity: 30.0 kg/m² or higher). The study also revealed that the older population is likely to be physically inactive by watching television, using mobile phones, and sleeping during the day. Through the study, it can be concluded that the unhealthy and dietary and behavioral habits of individuals have contributed to Diabetes Mellitus. It can be suggested that if individuals have any family history of DM, the constant awareness of the risk factors of DM and regular testing aid in preventing DM, which helps to increase the quality of life of individuals.