Abstract:
The protected mangrove ecosystem of Mandaitivu Island, Jaffna District, is of considerable
ecological and socio-economic importance but faces increasing environmental and
development-related threats. Therefore, this study assesses the ecological and socio-economic
importance of the Mandaitivu mangrove ecosystem and identifies the major threats to its sustainability.
A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted. Primary data were collected through field
observations, purposive discussions with ten community representatives from local
organizations selected based on their long-term residence, active community involvement, and
knowledge of mangrove-related livelihood activities, and semi-structured interviews with two
officers from the forest and wildlife department. An interview guide and a field observation
checklist were used, while secondary data were obtained from research articles, government reports,
and policy documents. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and findings were validated
through triangulation of multiple data sources. The findings identified three main categories of
challenges. Field observations and stakeholder consultations revealed illegal wetland filling, mangrove
clearing, pollution, and habitat degradation as key ecological threats. Community participants expressed
concern that ecosystem degradation and proposed development projects could threaten fisheries-based
livelihoods and increase vulnerability to coastal hazards. Government officers and stakeholders
highlighted weak enforcement of environmental regulations, limited public awareness, and growing
pressure from infrastructure development. Flooding, storm surges, and extreme wind events were also
identified as major environmental constraints. The study concludes that the sustainability of the
Mandaitivu mangrove ecosystem is threatened by both anthropogenic activities and institutional
challenges. Strengthening environmental law enforcement and strict compliance with Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures for large-scale development projects are essential to reduce
ecological impacts. Promoting community participation and public awareness of mangrove ecosystem
values is also crucial for minimizing harmful practices such as solid waste dumping. Habitat restoration
and nature-based tourism should be encouraged for long-term sustainable ecosystem management and
conservation.
