ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES ON ZOONOTIC DISEASES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN WESTERN PROVINCE

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases (those transmitted between animals and humans) are recognised as an important public health concern in the Western province, especially in regions where close human-animal interactions are common. As future professionals and knowledge disseminators, university students represent a critical group for understanding current awareness levels and behaviours related to zoonotic disease prevention. This study aimed to assess awareness, knowledge, and preventive practices regarding zoonotic diseases among university undergraduates across Western provinces. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was administered via a structured Google Form to 104 students representing both biological and non-biological academic streams, randomly selected from state and private universities. The questionnaire collected data on demographic characteristics, familiarity with zoonotic diseases, disease identification, modes of transmission, and self-reported preventive habits. Among the participants, the majority (60%) were from biological science disciplines, with 56.7% reporting pet ownership. A significant proportion (81.7%) indicated prior awareness of zoonotic diseases, and 78.8% correctly identified them as diseases transmissible from animals to humans. Rabies (91.3%), Dengue (82.7%), and Toxoplasmosis (76.9%) were among the most recognised zoonoses. Most students identified key transmission modes accurately, such as bites from infected animals and contact with contaminated animal waste. Encouragingly, 83.6% reported washing hands after animal contact, and 77.8% avoided raw or undercooked animal products. Among pet owners, 72% ensured regular vaccination of their animals. However, some gaps were noted, particularly in identifying less familiar zoonotic diseases and the consistent application of all preventive measures, such as avoiding direct contact with stray or wild animals. The findings revealed that there is a generally good level of awareness and favourable preventive practices among undergraduates, particularly those from science backgrounds. Nonetheless, there remains a need to strengthen education on lesser-known zoonotic threats and their transmission. Integrating zoonotic disease awareness into university curricula and promoting health communication through campus-based programmes could further enhance preparedness and responsible behaviour in future professionals.