Abstract:
Zoonotic diseases (those transmitted between animals and humans) are recognised
as an important public health concern in the Western province, especially in
regions where close human-animal interactions are common. As future
professionals and knowledge disseminators, university students represent a critical
group for understanding current awareness levels and behaviours related to
zoonotic disease prevention. This study aimed to assess awareness, knowledge,
and preventive practices regarding zoonotic diseases among university
undergraduates across Western provinces. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey
was administered via a structured Google Form to 104 students representing both
biological and non-biological academic streams, randomly selected from state and
private universities. The questionnaire collected data on demographic
characteristics, familiarity with zoonotic diseases, disease identification, modes of
transmission, and self-reported preventive habits. Among the participants, the
majority (60%) were from biological science disciplines, with 56.7% reporting pet
ownership. A significant proportion (81.7%) indicated prior awareness of zoonotic
diseases, and 78.8% correctly identified them as diseases transmissible from
animals to humans. Rabies (91.3%), Dengue (82.7%), and Toxoplasmosis (76.9%)
were among the most recognised zoonoses. Most students identified key
transmission modes accurately, such as bites from infected animals and contact
with contaminated animal waste. Encouragingly, 83.6% reported washing hands
after animal contact, and 77.8% avoided raw or undercooked animal products.
Among pet owners, 72% ensured regular vaccination of their animals. However,
some gaps were noted, particularly in identifying less familiar zoonotic diseases
and the consistent application of all preventive measures, such as avoiding direct
contact with stray or wild animals. The findings revealed that there is a generally
good level of awareness and favourable preventive practices among
undergraduates, particularly those from science backgrounds. Nonetheless, there
remains a need to strengthen education on lesser-known zoonotic threats and their
transmission. Integrating zoonotic disease awareness into university curricula and
promoting health communication through campus-based programmes could
further enhance preparedness and responsible behaviour in future professionals.
