Abstract:
Solid waste disposal poses a major threat to the environment and public health in
developing countries, as most waste is directly dumped in open areas. In the urban
fringe of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, rapid population growth and changing lifestyles have led
to a sharp increase in domestic waste generation. This study investigates the impacts
of improper solid waste disposal practices in the Nallur Pradeshiya Sabha area,
located on Jaffna’s urban–rural boundary. A descriptive statistical method was
applied, with primary data collected through 50 household surveys using simple
random sampling, field observations, photography, and interviews with local officials
and public health inspectors. Improper disposal locations were identified using GPS
technology and mapped with Google Earth Pro. Secondary data, including health
records from the Medical Officer of Health (MOH), were also analyzed. Data analysis
in MS Excel (2021) generated descriptive statistics, percentages, charts, and graphs,
while qualitative findings were systematically coded and integrated with quantitative
results. Results, presented through descriptive statistics, graphical illustrations, and
GPS-based maps, indicate that common disposal practices dumping in public places,
backyard burning, and discarding waste on streets or into inland water bodies persist
despite regulations. Twenty-nine major improper disposal sites were identified, and
most households generate considerable unmanaged waste. These practices have
caused serious environmental consequences, including soil contamination, air
pollution from burning plastics, and water pollution from blocked drains and seasonal
pond dumping. Health impacts include increased cases of dengue, respiratory
illnesses, and waterborne diseases. Institutional challenges, such as an overburdened
composting facility, insufficient manpower, and transportation constraints, further
hinder effective waste management. The study recommends improving collection
services, promoting household-level segregation and composting, upgrading existing
facilities, enhancing community awareness, enforcing stricter regulations, and
strengthening inter-governmental coordination. By providing evidence-based
insights, this research contributes to sustainable, community-driven waste
management strategies for Jaffna’s urban fringe and offers a model for other
developing urban regions facing similar challenges.
